來源:網絡資源 2023-02-18 19:05:11
延續性與非延續性動詞在現在完成時態中的使用。
(1)有一些動詞是瞬間動詞,也叫非延續性動詞,這些動詞一發生就結束了,常見的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。這些動詞雖然可以用于現在完成時(說明某個動作的結果還存在),但由于它們不能延續,因此不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用。(也即現在完成時的第二個基本用法中不能使用非延續性動詞)。
e.g. Jim has come back. (正)吉姆已經回來了。
Jim has come back for a month. (誤) come back的動作不能延續一個月,因此錯誤。
(2)瞬間動詞不可以用于有段時間的現在完成時態中,因此,若要解決這一問題,就應把它改為相應的延續性動詞或短語,主要有以下幾種:
①用相應的延續性動詞
如:buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold②轉換成be+名詞
如:join → be a member of go to school → be a student③轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
如:die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed④轉換成be+介詞短語
如:come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(軍隊)
e.g. I have borrowed the book.我已經借了那本書。
I have kept the book for two days.我已經借那本書兩天了。
Jim has joined the band.吉姆已經加入那樂隊了。
Jim has been a member of the band for a month.吉姆已經加入那個樂隊一個月了。
His grandfather has died.他祖父已經死了。
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.他祖父已經死了兩年了。
My father has arrived in China.我父親已經到達中國了。
My father has been in China for a week.我父親已經在中國一個星期了。
(3)在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可以與時間段連用。
e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year.自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書。
Jim hasn’t come back for a year.吉姆已有一年沒回來了。
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